people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
pitch; tone; time; tempo; mood; tendency
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
shooting star; falling star; meteor; blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
rumour (of a love affair); rumor; romance; (arch.) bad reputation
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be entwined; to be involved
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
all; entire; whole; altogether
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
rainfall; snowfall; alighting; descending
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty; to say well; to say cleverly; to say often; to say frequently
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this world; this life; world of the living
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)