existence; possession; having; limited company
suffix for familiar person
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
application; subscription; entry (competition, raffle, etc.); enlistment
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
life; living; I; me; student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
boy; son; baby boy; young man
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
when it becomes; when it comes to
tension; mental strain; nervousness
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
way of eating; how to eat
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being