paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get flustered; to get flurried; to get agitated; to become impatient; to hurry
hole; hole (in golf); (golf) cup; (electron) hole
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
sorry; excuse me; thank you
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
small; little; tiny; insignificant; humble; modest
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...