pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to perceive; to sense; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
attendance; presence; appearance
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
remaining bony parts (of a fish after filleting); flaw (esp. of a person); fault; rice chaff; rough; crude
river; stream; River; the ... river
bark; husk; untanned pelt
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
connection (to a person, place, etc.); relation; affinity
high rice field; very fertile rice field
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
injury; harm; evil influence; damage
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence