existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
calico (pattern); tortoiseshell-and-white; calico cat; tortoiseshell-and-white cat
slip; omission; upshot; denouement; punch line (of a joke)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regular game; regular-season game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
indicates means of action; cause of effect; by
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
to show signs of; to appear
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
edge; brink; verge; time; moment of
-ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); doing such things as...; expresses a command; (arch.) to be; (arch.) indicates completion or continuation of an action
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to come off; to slip down; to slip off
domestic animals; livestock; cattle
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
pupil; student; schoolchild
absolute obedience; complete submission
strip show; striptease; stripping; removing one's clothes; strip (e.g. of wood)