-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
breaking up (e.g. meeting); dispersing (e.g. crowd); dissolving (company, organization, etc.); liquidating; dissolving (diet, parliament, etc.)
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
president (of a society); chairman
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
purification; cleanup (e.g. of politics); purge
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
help; assistance; service
new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
taking captive; carrying away; kidnapping; kidnaping; abduction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
blue tarpaulin; blue plastic waterproof sheeting
to turn over; to turn pages of a book; to tear off; to strip off; to tear up
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
name; given name; first name
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
to talk; to chat; to chatter
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do