one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
I would rather; I would as lief do; strong preference
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
now; the present time; just now; another; more
very; extremely; excessively
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become