if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
older sister; lass; young lady
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to accompany; to follow; to keep up with
to shout (in anger); to yell
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
loveable; very likeable; like very much
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to hang; to suspend; to hang oneself; to hoist an opponent off of his feet by his loincloth; to turn upwards (as if being pulled); to be slanted (of eyes)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
one's house; one's home; one's family
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
emergency; accident; rare possibility; unexpected occurrence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use