indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't you think?; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
older sister; lass; young lady
suffix for familiar person
future (usually near); prospects
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell someone's fortune; to forecast; to predict; to divine
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
when it becomes; when it comes to
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
adds force or indicates command
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
(one's) figure; build; physique; style
outstanding; excellent; exceptional; preeminence; distinction; extraordinariness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend