purity; homogeneity; unadorned
underground website (often critical or containing unofficial information)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
life; living; I; me; student
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
sensitive; susceptible; emotional; impressionable; sentimental
time; season; period; phase; stage
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
real intention; motive; true opinion; what one really thinks
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to whirl; to eddy; to be all jumbled together (feelings, thoughts, etc.); to surge; to sweep
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
disorder; disturbance; unrest
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
grasp; catch; understanding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
for example; for instance; e.g.
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
illicit sexual relationship
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
discipline; training; teaching manners
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
to press against; to push against; to force against; to foist on (task, responsibility); to impose (one's will)
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
pregnancy; conception; gestation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...