gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; hogging; keeping to oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; period; class
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior high school; high school
shutting oneself in (one's room, etc.); barricading oneself in (a fort, etc.) while being besieged; holing up (in a building)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
follow-up report; further news
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relay; hook-up; relay broadcasting
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
fourth day of the month; four days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
like this; this sort; this way
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be prolonged; to drag on
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
pupil; student; schoolchild
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
in that way; thus; so; so?
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart