indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (through death) (e.g. wife, child)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the real criminal; true culprit
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
nursery school; day nursery; preschool
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
father; dad; husband; you; he
law office; lawyer's office; attorney's office
at that time; in those days
police; police officer; police station
testimony; (verbal) evidence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
head of a garden; kindergarten principal; nursery school principal; park director; zoo director; head of a plantation
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very