day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as (e.g. "do as one is told", "as we age we gain wisdom"); wherever (e.g. "wherever my fancy took me")
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sense; impression
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to feel; to sense; to experience
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
meaning; significance; sense
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
artificial product; man-made product; fiction; made-up story; decoration (e.g. for a festival); theatrical prop (esp. a large prop in noh or kyogen, e.g. tree, well, boat)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to talk; to chat; to chatter
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
myself; yourself; I; me; you