year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
orphanage; children's home; foster home
great and splendid land (of Yamato); spiritual center of the land; one's spiritual home; excellent location; splendid place
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
oak; daimyo oak; Japanese emperor oak; Quercus dentata
counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (arch.) counter for boats
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stub out (e.g. a cigarette); to crush out; to smother (fire); to hush up; to cover up; to stifle
police officer; policeman; policewoman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
uroboros; ouroboros (image of a serpent or dragon swallowing its own tail)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
black curtain; wirepuller; mastermind; backroom manipulator
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
crack; crevice; fissure; chap; rift
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
young female rice planter; young girl
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(medical) doctor; physician