indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
March; third month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
leather shoes; leather boots
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
to drop; to lose; to let fall
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
handshake; reconciliation; joining hands; cooperation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
inexperienced; incompetent; inept; incapable; careless
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
there is no way that ...; easy; simple
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...