indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool; smooth; neat
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
in that way; thus; so; so?
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
announcement (esp. over public-address system); official announcement; formal information release
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior high school; high school
life; living; I; me; student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question