pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
professor; teaching; instruction
heart; guts; nerve; central part
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
emergency measure; emergency procedures; first-aid treatment; stop-gap treatment; temporary repairs
fit; spasm; attack; seizure
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
a minute; moment; an instant; stubborn; hot-headed
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
reoperation; repeat surgery; second surgery; surgical revision
recommendation; advice; suggestion; encouragement
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at