look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
stallion brought close to a mare to test her readiness to mate; stalking horse; spoiler
as (for); for; in the capacity of
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
with a pitter-patter; choked up (with emotion); heart-wringing; momentary tightening of one's chest caused by powerful feelings (e.g. parting with a loved one)
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
to pass (of time); to elapse