Shimane (prefecture); (arch.) island country
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
broadcasting station; broadcaster
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interviewer (for job, school, etc. interviews)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(examination) failure; rejection; disqualification
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation