bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
arranged; taken care of; settled; completed; finished
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
picking up; someone who picks up things; type picking (letterpress printing); walking (of an aristocrat)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
adds force or indicates command
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
name; given name; first name
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
mountain hamlet; mountain village