although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
it's no joke; gimme a break!
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
therefore; consequently; accordingly; for that reason
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to gather; to collect; to assemble
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
family; members of a family
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
other people's affairs; somebody else's problem
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together; both