indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
outdoor unit (esp. air conditioner condenser)
dissatisfaction with the work (role) given to one; feeling oneself above the given work (role); not up to the task; (being) out of one's depth
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
note (letter) left behind; will
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
beloved child; dear child
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
please (give me); please (do for me)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?