indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
standard item; usual thing; (a) classic; basic item (with stable demand); staple goods
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one-night stand; taking home a woman from a bar, club, etc.; takeout (i.e. food); take-out; takeaway
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
to move (house); to change residence
daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
thirtieth day of the month; thirty days
than; from; out of; except; but; more
opening to the public; making available to the public; putting on display; exhibiting; showing (play, movie, etc.); holding (interview, etc.)
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
serious; not joking; straight
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed