discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
ice house; ice room; cold room
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
observation; survey; measurement; opinion; prediction; thinking
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
South Pole; the Antarctic; Antarctica
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
aspiration; volunteering; desire; application
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person in charge (including a supervisory role for other staff); person responsible for ...; responsible party; supervisor; manager
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
criterion (criteria) for selection
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
world; society; people; the public
tide; current; tendency; trend
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.