indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rikka; formal style of ikebana
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
piece; fragment; one (object)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
boy; son; baby boy; young man
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to be given the cold shoulder; to be jilted; to be rejected; to be dumped
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout