indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ignoring (somebody); ostracizing; leaving (someone) out
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise