innocent; chaste; naive; pure; unmixed; genuine
friction; rubbing; chafing; discord; friction; strife
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
receipt; cash-register slip
return gift; return favour (favor); revenge; change (in a cash transaction)
cover; covering; cover song; cover version; coverage; to compensate for (a loss)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be silent; to say nothing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
woman who likes comics depicting male homosexual love
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
comics or novels about male homosexuality, targeted at young women
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
being preoccupied with; being obsessed; only thinking of; having only ... on one's mind
woman; female; feminine gender
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!