hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
well done!; good job!; good work!; you did it!; bravo!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
even more; still more; further
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to put to use; to make good use of; to exploit
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
concentration; diligence; asceticism; zeal in one's quest for enlightenment; adherence to a vegetarian diet
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
public finance; financial affairs; financial situation
revamping; reshaping; rearranging; reorganizing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
myself; yourself; I; me; you
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
member of shogun's council of elders
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
to grow in intensity; to be aggravated; to get worse; to develop
to drive away; to order off; to chase away; to force into an unpleasant situation (bankruptcy, prostitution, suicide, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
audience (with a person of high standing)
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia, esp. var. culta); Japanese pear; Asian pear; sand pear; apple pear