morning; forenoon; just before noon
Kii (former province located in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
just past noon; afternoon
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cough violently; to have a coughing fit
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to work too hard; to try too hard; to strain oneself; to overdo it; to go too far
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
swaying (repeatedly, in a large, slow motion)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to keep one's feet on the ground; to be down to earth
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry); different person
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
one; same (mind, path, etc.)