indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memorial service held on the seventh day following a person's death
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to be ordered (to do); to be charged with (a duty); to be assigned (a job)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
mourning; (arch.) calamity; (arch.) misfortune
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
festivities; celebration; wedding; marriage ceremony
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thousand years; very long period; forever
in that way; thus; so; so?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
happy event; cause for celebration; congratulations
please; somehow or other; one way or another
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all