banzai; hurray; something to cheer about; something worthy of celebration; giving up; throwing one's hands up
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
First Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
doctor; PhD; exposition; fair; exhibition
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; now; no longer; not any more
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
go that far; to that extent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
magnificent; grand; majestic; splendid
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
indignant lamentation over the evils of the times
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season