time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to value; to prize; to esteem; to respect
barbarian; savage; foreigner
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
Japanese style; Japanesque; Japanism
to replace; to move; to change the position of
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
loveable; very likeable; like very much
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination