indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
invisibly; secretly; privately
to think about; to send one's heart out to; to give more than a passing thought to; to think of something far away; to think nostalgically upon (esp. one's hometown)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
as a child; when one was a child; childhood
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in comparison to; rather than
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
shock (psychological); crisis (esp. financial); event that rattles the markets; shock (physical, mechanical); shock (e.g. due to lack of blood flow); trauma
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
society; the world; the times
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to repeat; to do something over again
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus); domestic chicken; chicken meat
singing voice; (sound of) singing
railway track; railway line; railroad; railway; track; line
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)