Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
grandfather; male senior-citizen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be deaf; to not be able to hear
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
personal history; curriculum vitae; resume
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
finding employment; getting a job
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
cartoonist; comic book artist; manga artist; manga author; mangaka