landlord; landlady; house owner; home owner; head of the household
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooking, esp. frying or stir-frying; heating; tempering; -ware
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
retro; nostalgic; old-fashioned
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
rather; sooner; preferably
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
boiled and half-dried bonito
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
phrase; clause; basic linguistic unit in Japanese grammar
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to talk; to chat; to chatter
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?