this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
being able to hear something (clearly); clearness of a sound; reputation; renown; impression (that something gives off); respectability
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
regular employee; permanent employee; full-time employee
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
two persons; two people; pair; couple
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing