indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
this world; this life; world of the living
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ringtone (of mobile phones, portable phones, cellphones, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
island in a pond or river
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
(somebody else's) parents; both parents
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
extramarital sex; affair; fooling around; infidelity; wantonness; unfaithfulness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till