at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
common reed (Phragmites australis)
in that way; thus; so; so?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
book with the look and layout of a magazine
My goodness!; Good lord!; Holy cow!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to speak; to say; to vocalize
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist