fifth month of the lunar calendar; satsuki azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
inheritance; bequest; legacy; heritage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
please (give me); please (do for me)
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
by means of; due to; because of; according to
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe