above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
notice or order handed down from above; announcement; notification; Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) to the concerned parties
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
concern; circumstance which is becoming a problem; case (court)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
camouflage; disguise; pretense; feigning; masquerade
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
all present; all concerned; all of us
giving and taking; exchange (of letters); arguing back and forth; (conversational) exchange
party to a contract; subscriber; policy owner (insurance)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
unbelievable; incredible; implausible
injustice; unfairness; wrongdoing; iniquity; impropriety; irregularity
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
fabrication; forgery; falsehood; hoax
what the?; what's that?; what are you doing?; what's going on?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
stabbing to death; putting out
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to thrust before; to thrust at
-less; lacking; non-existing
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
referring a case to a public prosecutor
the real criminal; true culprit
victim; injured party; sufferer