indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
running as fast as one can
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
worst-ever; history's worst
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
joint party (e.g. by students from several colleges); combined party; mixer; two or more groups, esp. female and male students, combining for a party
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
speech; words; one's lines; remarks
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
sorry; excuse me; thank you
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
good luck; fortune; happiness; harvest; yield
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
company; corporation; workplace