fields (of rice and other crops)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
place where a meeting (conference, etc.) is held; venue
International Olympic Committee; IOC; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; IOC; input-output controller; IOC
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
invitation; summons; bidding (e.g. to host the Olympics); calling
to fall behind; to lag behind; to lose (race, contest)
prime minister; chancellor (Germany, Austria, etc.); premier
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
bizarre plan; perplexing strategy; outlandish scheme
to launch oneself upon; to make one's debut
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily