culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
to mutually recognize; to agree; to accept
technique; art; skill; move
to compete with; to vie for
seppuku; harakiri; ritual suicide by disembowelment; seppuku as a death penalty (where the convict is decapitated by a second as they make the motions to disembowel themself; Edo period)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
international; diplomatic intercourse
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
to gather; to crowd round; to sponge (off someone); to scrounge; to extort; to take (money) through intimidation
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
really; truly; indeed; good grief
respect and affection; love and respect
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
to harm; to hurt; to injure; to miss one's chance to (do something); to fail to (do what one ought to have done)
on one hand; on the other hand
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
son of a distinguished family; son of a noble
more and more; increasingly; extremely; very
again (and again); once again; yet again; (there you go) again
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
fighting spirit; (will to) fight
beginning; outset; first; onset
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
don't finish what you're saying; stop what you're saying
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
(former) imperial university