holiday; day off; furlough; absence (from work)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
reality; actuality; hard fact
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to rest; to suspend; to give relief
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
general manager; director-general
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to begin to walk; to set out
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others