all present; all concerned; all of us
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
massacre; annihilation; wholesale slaughter
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to order; to command; to appoint
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
Sunpu (old name for Shizuoka City)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to say; to be called; to do
memento (from a dead person); souvenir; keepsake; orphan; posthumous child
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to exchange (things); to convert (currency); to be in contrast (to); to contrast (with)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence