this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sensation; emotion; interjection
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
until now; so far; up to the present
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
source of river; fountainhead
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
Yamanashi (city, prefecture); wild nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia var. pyrifolia); wild Japanese pear
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)