rikka; formal style of ikebana
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
bing-bong bang-bong (Big Ben chimes, used as a bell in Japanese schools)
high rice field; very fertile rice field
serious; not joking; straight
to become fine (of fabric); to be checkmated; to be hard pressed; to be at a loss
Japanese spirea (Spiraea Japonica); meadowsweet; Shimotsuke (former province located in present-day Tochigi Prefecture)
shrewdly; smartly; calculatingly; astutely; cunningly
study; diligence; discount; reduction
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
ignition; catching fire; setting on fire
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
schoolgirl; female student
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...
suffix for familiar person
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing