origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
friction; rubbing; chafing; discord; friction; strife
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
such; this sort of; like this
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...