indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
and yet; though; when; in spite of
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
world; society; people; the public
in that way; thus; so; so?
to make a great fuss; to raise a hue and cry; to make an uproar; to clamour
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how long; how much; to what extent
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
three; three years of age
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint