ringtone (of mobile phones, portable phones, cellphones, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
existence; possession; having; limited company
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
administrator; janitor; manager; custodian; executor
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
schoolgirl; female student
study; diligence; discount; reduction
(period of) a year; during an era
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
female friend; woman friend
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when